Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Identify the bony skeleton of the thorax.

2.  Understand the intercostal spaces and their contents.

3.  Compare muscles of intercostal spaces.

4.  Describe arteries, veins, nerves of the anterior and posterior thoracic walls.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Identify and describe the thoracic vertebrae, ribs and sternum and know the typical and atypical vertebrae and ribs.

v     Explain what is meant by intercostal space and its contents: respiratory muscles, endothoracic fascia, parietal pleura and intercostal nerves and vessels.

v     Compare between external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles, regarding origin, insertion, action and nerve supply.

v     Vessels of the thoracic wall: Internal thoracic artery and vein, superior intercostal artery, descending thoracic aorta, azygos system and veins.

v     Intercostal nerves: origin, course, branches and distribution.

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Understand the pleura, pleural cavity and its clinical importance.

2.  Give a description of the anatomy of the lungs.

3.  Identify the major relations.

4.  Describe the root of the lung and its contents.

5.  Develop clear concept about bronchopulmonary segments and understand its clinical importance.

6.  Know trachea and main bronchi.

7.  Give a precise account on the mechanism of respiration.

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Pleura: layers, nerve and blood supply and important clinical aspects.

v     Lungs: base, apex, surfaces, borders, fissures and lobes.

v     Differences between right and left lungs.

v     Blood and nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of the lungs.

v     Describe how medial surface is molded to pericardium and other mediastinal structures.

v     Different structures joining the root of the lung: bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels, bronchial vessels and nerves.

v     The characteristics of the bronchopulmonary segments, their importance and how they are formed.

v     Beginning, end of trachea, the carina, main bronchi, its relations and clinical importance.

v     Mechanism of respiration in short.

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Develop clear concept on the anatomy of the pericardium and its clinical importance.

2.  List the subdivisions of the mediastinum and their components.

3.  Describe the outer appearance of the heart.

4.  Identify different chambers and vessels of the heart.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Pericardium: types, cavity, sinuses, blood and nerve supply and clinical importance.

v     Mediastinum: boundaries, parts, contents and relations.

v     External aspect of the heart: shape, surfaces, borders, apex, base and grooves.

v     Chambers of the heart.

v     Major vessels: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins and aorta.

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Identify the internal features of the chambers of the heart.

2.  Describe the conducting system of the heart.

3.  Understand the arterial supply and venous drainage of the heart.

4.  Identify the nerve supply of the heart and understand how cardiac pain impulses reach consciousness.

5.  Appreciate the surface anatomy of the heart and valves and the sites of their auscultation.

6.  Understand the different clinical application.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Features of the cavities of right atrium and ventricle, left atrium and ventricle and the valves.

v     Parts of conducting system, SA node, AV node, AV bundle and internodal conducting system.

v     Right and left coronary arteries and their branches.

v     Venous drainage of the heart: coronary sinus and its tributaries, anterior cardiac veins and venae cordis minimi.

v     Cardiac plexuses: formation and distribution.

v     Surface anatomy of the heart and its valves.

v     Best sites for valve auscultation.

v     Important clinical notes of the heart.

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Describe the boundaries of the superior mediastinum.

2.  Enumerate the contents of the superior mediastinum.

3.  Give an account on the relations of its various structures.

4.  Give a brief description on large veins and arteries, trachea and esophagus.

5.  Understand the clinical notes concerning the structures of the superior mediastinum

6.  Describe the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum.

7.  Enumerate the contents of the posterior mediastinum.

8.  Give a precise account on the relations between various contents.

9.  Give a brief description of the various structures located in the posterior mediastinum.

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Boundaries of the superior mediastinum.

v     Contents of the superior mediastinum in anatomical order.

v     Large veins: beginning, course, end and tributaries.

v     Arch of aorta: beginning, course and relations, end and branches.

v     Trachea: beginning, course and relations, end, blood and nerve supply.

v     Esophagus: beginning, course and relations, end, blood and nerve supply.

v     Important clinical note of the superior mediastinal structures.

v     Boundaries of the posterior mediastinum.

v     Anatomical features of contents of the posterior mediastinum: esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic chain.

v     Important clinical note of the posterior mediastinal structures.