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KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY

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DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

COURSE PORTFOLIO

SECOND YEAR DENTISTRY

 

Histology Practicals

 

 

Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (1):                  Microtechniques

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  The methods of tissue fixation, their importance and commonly used procedures for tissue embedding.

2. The common staining methods, their rationale and usefulness of cytochemical and histochemical techniques.

3. How to use light microscope and its magnification powers.

 

 

Detailed Contents:

1.      Methods of preparation of light microscopical sections (steps of preparation and aim of each step).

2.      Principles of staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin.

3.      Types of stains.

  

Transferable Skills:

 The Student has to familiarize himself with the components and operation of light microscope.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (2):                         The Cell

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Different organelles in histological sections and in electron micrographs.

2. Understand the functional roles of each organelle in cellular metabolism.

 

 

Detailed Contents:

1.      Electron micrographs showing different cellular structures; nucleus, Golgi apparatus, RER, SER, ribosomes, Lysosomes, mitochondria and plasmalemma.

 

2.      Epididymis (silver) slide showing supranuclear Golgi apparatus.

  

Transferable Skills:

 The student should know how to correlate between the predominance of a cell organelle and the function of the cell.

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 Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (3):                         Blood

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1. Read a blood report.

2. Do a blood film and stain it with Leishman stain.

3. Do a differential leucocytic count.

4. Know the relation between leucocytes and diseases. 

 

 Detailed Contents:

1.      Blood smear (Leishman) slide showing different blood elements (RBCs, WBCs, & Platelets.

2.      Steps of preparation & staining of a blood film.

3.      Examination of the blood film under the microscope and doing differential leucocytic count.

 

Transferable Skills:

 The student should distinguish and draw RBCs, WBCs and platelets in blood smear.

 

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (4):                         Epithelium

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Recognize the epithelial and non-epithelial components of an organ.

2. Classify the epithelium that covers or lines an organ.

3. Understand the characteristic features of epithelium at the L/M & E/M levels.

4. Know the structural & functional different microvilli.

5. Distinguish unicellular from multicellular glands.

 Detailed Contents:

1.      Aorta (H&E) slide showing simple squamous endothelium.

2.      Kidney (H&E) slide showing simple squamous epithelium.

3.      Thyroid gland (H&E) slide showing simple cuboidal epithelium.

4.      Small Intestine (H&E) slide showing simple columnar epithelium.

5.      Urinary bladder (H&E) slide showing transitional epithelium.

6.      Thick skin (H&E) slide showing keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

7.      Esophagus (H&E) slide showing non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

8.      Trachea (H&E) slide showing pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells.

9.      Fallopian tube (H&E) slide showing simple columnar ciliated epithelium.

10. Parotid gland (H&E) slide showing serous acini.

11. Sublingual gland (H&E) slide showing mucous acini.

  

Transferable Skills:

The student should be able to compare and contrast and give an example of each type of epithelial tissue.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (5):                Connective Tissue

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  The characteristic structure of connective tissue including the cells, fibers and extracellular materials.

2. Differentiate microscopically between the different types of connective proper.

 

 Detailed Contents:

1.      Loose connective tissue (Verhoeff) slide.

2.      Dense irregular connective (Dermis of skin) (H&E) slide.

3.      Dense regular connective tissue (Tendon) (H&E) slide.

4.      Mucoid connective tissue (H&E) slide.

5.      Adipose connective tissue (H&E) slide.

6.      Adipose connective tissue (Sudan III) slide.

7.      Elastic connective tissue (VVG) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (6):                         Cartilage

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Recognize the three types of cartilage.

2. Understand how the cellular and extracellular components of cartilage contribute to the structure and function of these tissues.

 

 Detailed Contents:

  1. Hyaline cartilage (trachea) (H&E) slide.

  2. Elastic cartilage (ear pinna) (VVG) slide.

  3. Fibro cartilage (H&E) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (7):                         Bone

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Histological structure of various types of bone tissue (spongy and compact).

2. Understand the process of bone development, remodeling and healing.

 

 Detailed Contents:

  1. Cancellous (spongy) bone (H&E) slide.

  2. Decalcified compact bone (H&E) slide.

  3. Ground compact bone slide.

  4. Endochondral ossification (H&E) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

 

 

Practical (8):                Nervous Tissue - I

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Nerve tissue in histological sections and in electron micrographs.

2. Describe the structural relationship between the axon, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier, Schmid-Lantermann clefts and Schwann cells.

Demonstrate the endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium of a peripheral nerve.

 

 Detailed Contents:

1.      Nerve trunk (H&E) slide.

2.      Nerve trunk (Mallory Azan) slide.

3.      Nerve trunk (Osmic acid) slide.

 

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Department of Anatomy

 

 Practical (9):               Nervous Tissue - II

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1. Differentiate between spinal and autonomic ganglia.

2. Recognize specialized sensory neuronal endings of the skin.           

 

 Detailed Contents:

  1. Spinal ganglia (H&E) slide.

  2. Sympathetic ganglia (H&E) slide.

  3. Thick skin (H&E) slide

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Department of Anatomy

 

 Practical (10):                 Muscle Tissue

 

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Recognize the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle in histological preparations.

2. Learn the functional and structural differences between skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

Detailed Contents:

  1. Skeletal muscle (H&E) slide.

  2. Skeletal muscle (PTAH) slide.

  3. Cardiac muscle (H&E) slide.

  4. Moderator band (Purkinje fibers) (H&E) slide.

  5. Smooth muscles (H&E) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (11):         Cardiovascular System

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Differentiate microscopically between different arteries and veins.

2. Correlate between structure of blood vessels and their function.

 

 Detailed Contents:

  1. Medium sized artery and vein (H&E) slide.

  2. Muscular arteries (VVG) slide.

  3. Elastic artery (Aorta) (VVG) slide.

  4. Aorta (H&E) slide.

  5. I.V.C. (H&E) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (12):                 Lymphatic System I

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Recognize how the structure of the thymus accommodates its function.

2. Understand the structure and function of the blood thymic barrier.

3. Trace the flow of T-Lymphocytes through the thymus.

4. Recognize how the structure of the lymph node accommodates its function.

5. Trace the lymphatic circulation through the lymph node.

 

 Detailed Contents:

  1. Lymph node (H&E) slide.

  2. Thymus gland (H&E) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

  

Practical (13):               Lymphatic System II

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Differentiate microscopically between organs containing lymphoid tissue.

2. The structure of spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches and the appendix.

 Detailed Contents:

  1. Spleen (H&E) slide.

  2. Palatine tonsil (H&E) slide.

  3. Peyer’s patches (H&E) slide.

  4. Appendix (H&E) slide.

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Department of Anatomy

 

Practical (14):              Respiratory System

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  The organization and cell types of respiratory epithelium.

2. Structure and function of the trachea.

3. Structure and function of the alveolar wall with special emphasis on the blood air barrier.

 

Detailed Contents:

  1. Trachea (H&E) slide.

  2. Trachea (Mallory Azan) slide.

  3. Lung (H&E) slide.

  4. Lung (VVG) slide.

 

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