Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1. The composition and general features of the skull.

2.  The normae of the skull.

3.  The foramina and its contents.

4.  The cranial fossae.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     General features of the skull.

v     Particular features of the skull.

v     Foramina of the skull and their contents.

v     Cranial cavity and composition.

 

 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1. The cranial cavity and cavities of the skull.

2.  The general and particular features of the mandible.

   

Detailed Contents:

v     Orbital cavity.

v     Nasal cavity.

v     Mandible (general and special features, articulation, muscle and ligament attachment, nerves and vessels related to it, age changes)

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to:

1. Differentiate between the fetal and adult skulls.

2.  Differentiate between the different cervical vertebrae.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Fontanelles of the fetal skull and age of their closures.

v     Typical cervical vertebrae and their criteria.

v     Atypical cervical vertebrae and their anatomical features.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1. Layers of the scalp.

2.  Blood supply of the scalp.

3.  Nerve supply of the scalp.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Layers of the scalp.

v     Muscles of the scalp and temple.

v     Vessels of the scalp.

v     Nerves of the scalp.

v     Lymph drainage of the scalp.

v     Surgical and clinical notes of the scalp.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1. Major muscles of the face.

2.  Blood supply of the face.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Major muscles of the face (orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, buccinator).

v     Other muscles of facial expression.

v     Vessels of the face.

v     Lymph drainage of the face.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Nerve supply of the face.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Sensory nerves of the face.

v     Motor nerves of the face.

v     Surgical and clinical notes of the face and its dangerous area.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck.

2.  Contents of the posterior triangle of the neck.

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus medius and anterior and inferior belly of omohyoid.

v     Arteries: 3^rd part of subclavian, transverse cervical, suprascapular and occipital.

v     Veins: external jugular, subclavian, transverse cervical, suprascapular, occipital.

v     Nerves: spinal accessory, cervical plexus, brachial plexus.

v     Investing and prevertebral fasciae of the neck.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck.

2.  Divisions of the anterior triangle.

3.  Contents of the posterior triangle of the neck.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles: sternocleidomastoid, digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, hyoglossus, middle & inferior constrictors of the pharynx, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid.

v     Arteries: common, external & internal carotid and their branches.

v     Veins: internal jugular and tributaries.

v     Nerves: vagus, ansa cervicalis, cervical sympathetic chain, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, spinal accessory.

v     Carotid sheath and pretracheal fascia.

v     Submental, digastric, carotid and muscular triangles.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Fossae of the cranial cavity.

2.  Dural folds.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Cranial cavity: anterior, middle and posterior intracranial fossae.

v     Meninges and dural folds: falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae, cavum triageminale.

v     Attachments, contents and functions of the dural folds.

v     Intracranial course of cranial nerves.

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Intracranial venous sinuses.

2.  Pituitary gland.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Single and paired intracranial venous sinuses.

v     Their origin, course, termination and tributaries.

v     Pituitary gland: shape, position, relation, components, blood supply.

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Carotid sheath and its contents.

2.  Ansa cervicalis.

3.  Cervical sympathetic chain.

4.  Subclavian vessels.

5.  Phrenic nerve.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Carotid sheath: extension, attachment, contents.

v     Main arteries of the neck: common carotid, external and internal carotid, subclavian.

v     Main veins of the neck: internal jugular and subclavian.

v     Some nerves of the neck: ansa cervicalis, vagus, phrenic, cervical sympathetic chain.

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Branches of the external carotid and subclavian arteries in the neck.

2.  Tributaries of internal jugular vein.

3.  Cervical and brachial plexuses.

4.  Glossopharyngeal, accessory and hypoglossal nerves.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Arteries: superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular, origin of lingual and facial, internal thoracic, vertebral, thyroicervical and costocervical.

v     Veins: end of facial and lingual, superior and middle thyroid, and tributaries of subclavian vein.

v     Nerves: glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, accessory, cervical and brachial plexuses.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Thyroid gland.

2.  Trachea.

3.  Esophagus.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Thyroid gland: shape, position, lobes, isthmus, relations, blood supply and lymph drainage.

v     Trachea: beginning, course, end, relations, blood supply, lymph drainage, nerve supply.

v     Esophagus: beginning, course, end, relations, blood supply, lymph drainage, nerve supply.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Boundaries of the orbit.

2.  Contents of the orbital cavity regarding muscles, and nerves.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Walls of the orbits.

v     Extraocular muscles: four recti, two obliques and levator palpebrae superioris.

v     Nerves: optic, oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, ophthalmic and maxillary.

v     Ciliary ganglion.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Lacrimal apparatus.

2.  Contents of the orbital cavity regarding vessels, fasciae and ligaments.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Arteries: ophthalmic artery; beginning, distribution, branches.

v     Veins: superior and inferior ophthalmic; beginning, termination, tributaries and connections.

v     Orbital fascia and ligaments.

v     Lacrimal apparatus.

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Parotid gland.

2.  Parotid duct.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Parotid gland: shape, position, lobes, relations, blood and nerve supply, lymphatic drainage.

v     Parotid duct: course and relations.

v     Structures passing within the parotid gland: facial nerve, retromandibular nerve, external carotid artery, auriculo-temporal nerve, parotid lymph nodes.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Boundaries and communication of the temporal region.

2.  Contents of the temporal regions.

3.  Muscles of mastication.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Boundaries and connection of the temporal fossa.

v     Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid) regarding their attachments, nerve supply and action.

v     Movement of the mandible.

v     Contents of the temporal fossa (temporalis muscle, temporal fascia, superficial and deep temporal nerves and vessels, auriculo-temporal nerve).

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Boundaries and communication of the infratemporal region.

2.  Superficial contents of the infratemporal region.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Nerves: mandibular nerve and chorda tympani; regarding their origin, course & relations, distribution and branches.

v     Arteries: maxillary artery regarding its origin, course & relations, distribution and branches.

v     Pterygoid plexus of veins; formation, function, tributaries and connections.

v     Otic ganglion.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

2.  Deep contents of the infratemporal region.

3.  Pterygopalatine fossa.

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Maxillary nerve; origin, course & relations, distribution and its branches.

v     Arteries: maxillary artery and its branches.

v     Pterygopalatine fossa (boundaries, connections and contents).

v     Sphenopalatine ganglion.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Boundaries and communication of the submandibular region.

2.  Contents of the submandibular region.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Boundaries of the submandibular region.

v     muscles of the submandibular region (digastric, mylohyoid, hyoglossus, Geniohyoid, genioglossus and styloglossus.

v     Nerves of the submandibular region (lingual, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal).

v     Submandibular ganglion.

v     Vessels of the submandibular region (facial and lingual).

v     Submandibular lymph nodes.

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Submandibular salivary gland.

2.  Sublingual salivary gland.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Submandibular gland (shape, position, lobes, relations, duct, blood & nerve supply, lymph drainage).

v     Sublingual gland (shape, position, lobes, relations, ducts, blood & nerve supply, lymph drainage).

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Mouth cavity proper.

2.  Vestibule of the mouth.

3.  Tongue.

4.  Hard and soft palates.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Mouth cavity proper: roof and floor.

v     Vestibule of the mouth and structures related to it.

v     Tongue: parts, shape, mucous membrane and muscles, sensory and motor nerve supply, blood supply and lymphatic drainage.

v     Hard palate: bone forming it, its mucosa and nerve supply.

v     Soft palate: borders and its attachments, mucosa and its nerve supply, muscles and its movements, blood supply and lymph drainage.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Different parts of the pharynx.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Pharynx: parts, muscles, mucous membrane, internal features, nerve and blood supply, lymphatic drainage.

v     Mechanism of deglutition.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Nasal cavity.

2.  paranasal sinuses.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Nasal cavity: walls, septum, mucosa, nerve and blood supply, lymphatic drainage.

v     Nasal conchae and meatuses and structures open through them.

v     Paranasal sinuses: mucosa, nerve supply and connection to nasal cavity.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Larynx.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Larynx: cartilages, muscles, ligaments, mucous membrane, nerve and blood supply, lymphatic drainage.

v     Vocal cords; attachment, movement and clinical points.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Auricle and external auditory meatus.

2.  Tympanic membrane.

3.  Middle ear cavity.

   

 Detailed Contents:

v     Auricle and external auditory meatus: skin, nerve and blood supply, lymphatic drainage.

v     Tympanic membrane: attachment, parts, blood and nerve supply.

v     Middle ear cavity: walls, relations, contents, blood and nerve supply.

v     Muscles: stapedius and tensor tympani.

v     Nerves: facial, chorda tympani, greater and lesser petrosal, tympanic plexus.

v     Ear ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Vestibule.

2.  Semicircular canals.

3.  Cochlea.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Vestibule, vestibular canal.

v     Saccule and utricle.

v     Semicircular canals and ducts.

v     Cochlear canal and duct.

v     Organ of Corti and Mechanisms of hearing.

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Superficial and deep lymph groups.

2.  Different types of deep fascia of the head and neck and fascial spaces.

  

 Detailed Contents:

v     Superficial and deep lymph nodes (their position, afferent and efferent drainage).

v     Deep fasciae of the head and neck: investing, pretracheal, prevertebral, carotid sheath, bucopharyngeal membrane, pharyngobasilar fascia,

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 Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Temporomandibular Joint.

2.  Atlanto-occipital joint.

3.  Atlanto-axial joint.

4.  Intercervical joints.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Joints of the head and neck regarding:

v     Articular bones and facets.

v     Type and shape.

v     Movements.

v     Capsule and synovial membranes.

v     Ligaments

v     Nerve supply.

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Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to describe and demonstrate:

1.  Surface landmark of some important structures of head and neck.

2.  Plain X-ray of the head and neck in posteroanterior, lateral and frontonasal views.

  

Detailed Contents:

v     Surface landmarks of vessels, nerves, parotid duct, pterion and other important structures.

v     Important bony and soft tissue structures appearing on X-ray of the head and neck.