DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
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DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY |
KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE |
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Undergraduate Medical Courses Allied Medical & Health Sciences Courses Postgraduate Studies |
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY COURSE PORTFOLIO SECOND YEAR DENTISTRY
MAJOR COURSE OBJECTIVES
On completion of the courses of study in Anatomy and related disciplines, the students shall be able to: 1. Comprehend the anatomical terms, use them correctly, and develop a positive approach-to the subject. 2. Understand important single muscles, their origin, insertion, nerve supply, actions and important relations. Describe Muscle Groups, their actions, nerve supply and effects of nerve injury. 3. Recognize anatomical structures correctly and comprehend the topographic anatomy of the regions of abdomen, pelvis, perineum, thorax, Head & Neck, Neuroanatomy by actual dissection, prosection and museum study. 4. Understand the classifications of bones, their general features, structure, functions and the mechanism of displacement of bone fragment at common sites oŁ fractures. 5. Understand the important joints of the body, their movements and the muscles producing these movements. 6. Acquire information of different fascial planes in different regions and their surgical importance. 7. Understand the general plan of lymphatic drainage of the body, regional lymph nodes where the common malignant growth can spread. 8. Interpret normal radiograms and C.T. scans of the body and demonstrate, by inspection, palpation and percussion, important bony landmarks, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, nerves and viscera on the living body. 9. Apply the knowledge and skill in solving clinical problems and interpret anatomical relationship to common clinical conditions. 10. Recognize the cellular components of normal tissues and organs of the body and correlate structure to their functions and develop ability to comprehend the mechanism of deranged function in various pathological conditions in the senior clinical years of study. 11. Understand normal development of the human embryo and fetus and acquire information about causes of developmental anomalies. 12. Develop concepts and sufficient understanding of the subject to be able to pursue post-graduate studies and continuing medical education and develop habits of self-learning.
13. Comprehend radiographs of head and neck. 14. Comprehend C.T. scan and cross sections of head and neck. 15. Understand the histological structure of eye ball, with particular emphasis on retina and describe membranous labyrinth of the internal ear. 16. Understand the development of face, tongue, eye, ear and other derivatives of pharyngeal arches, pouches and clefts and the congenital abnormalities relating to them. 17. Understand development of eye and ear. 18. Identify major external features and internal structure of brain and spinal cord along with its afferent and efferent connections and correlate these to the cerebellar functions in health and disease. 19. Acquire sufficient basic concepts to be able to pursue, post-graduate studies and continuing medical education and develop habits of self-learning. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS Major part of learning in Gross Anatomy and Neuroanatomy takes place during dissection sessions; lectures simply reinforce practicals, emphasizing applied and clinical aspect of the subject. Histology lectures shall describe the structures of the Eye Ball, Internal Ear, Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortices and correlate these structures to their functions. The developmental anatomy is taught in lectures aided by models and specimens. Tutorial sessions encourage the students to actively participate in the teaching/learning activities. Back to 2nd Yr Dentistry Course Portfolio Main Page DETAILED COURSE OBJECTIVES: I. HEAD AND NECK: On completion of the study of the region of Head and Neck the students will be able to: (1) Describe the mandible and different normae of the articulated skull. Name and identify individual bones of the Skull and give post-natal growth changes of the skeleton of the head and face. Identify the foramina of the skull and the structures passing through them. (2) Identify and describe cervical vertebrae, skeletal elements of larynx and the joints of the region i.e. Temporo-mandibular, intervertebral, cranio-vertebral, cricothyroid and crico-arytenoid joints. (3) Identify important muscles of the region i.e. muscles of Facial expression, Mastication, Prevertebral, Infra and Suprahyoid, Suboccipital, Tongue, Palate, Pharynx, Larynx, Middle ear, Eye and the Muscles of the floor of the mouth, Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, Levator scapulae, and describe their origins, insertions, nerve supply, actions and their important relations. (4) Identify and describe important arteries of the region, their branches and distribution i.e. subclavian, common internal and extera1 carotid arteries. (5) Identify subclavian, internal, external, and anterior Jugular veins and give their course, relationship and tributaries and give their clinical importance. (6) Identify and describe cranial venous sinuses, and give their clinical significance. (7) Locate, identify and enlist the regional lymph nodes and describe the scheme of lymphatic drainage of the region. (8) Understand and describe the course, and distribution of the cervical spinal and, the cranial nerves. Comprehend formation of Cervical and Brachial plexuses, describe the branches and their distribution. (9) Identify sympathetic trunk and describe the pattern of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the region, including the four parasympathetic ganglia, their root, branches and distribution. (10) Identify and describe the boundaries, contents and subdivisions of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck. (11) Understand and describe the superficial and deep fasciae of the region and relate different fascial planes to their clinical importance. (12) Identify and describe the viscera of the region i.e. salivary, thyroid and parathyroid glands. Identify larynx, pharynx, trachea and esophagus, and describe their anatomy correctly. (13) Understand and describe the anatomy of the scalp, orbital and cranial cavities including meninges with highlights on important clinical aspects. (14) Identify the anatomical features of the oral cavity, tongue, cheek, lips, gums and teeth and describe these in details with particular emphasis on their clinical applications. (15) Understand and describe the anatomy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, eye and ear along with their clinical aspects. (16) Correlate the anatomical information to their clinical application. (17) Interpret the normal radiographic appearance of the region. (18) Interpret the normal appearance of the CT scan of the region. Back to 2nd Yr Dentistry Course Portfolio Main Page II. NEUROANATOMY On completion of the course, the student shall be able to: (1) Describe the histological structure of cerebral cortex and cerebellum and relate it to their functions. (2) Describe the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord and understand their clinical importance. (3) Understand the sites of production, circulation and absorption of C.S.F. and comprehend clinical conditions arising from blockage of its absorption or circulation. (4) Describe superficial attachment and the nuclei of origin or termination of the cranial nerves; understand the arrangement of the nuclei into functional columns. (5) Identify the external features and internal structure of spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons and mid-brain. (6) Identify major external features of cerebellum and understand its internal structure along with its afferent and efferent connections and correlate these to the cerebellar functions in health and disease. (7) Identify major external features of the cerebral hemisphere, locate its areas of known functions and understand the effect of lesions of these areas. (8) Describe the internal structure of cerebral hemisphere, including diencephalon, basal nuclei; understand their important connections and correlate these to their known functions. (9) Trace the major motor and sensory pathways in the central nervous system, their connections for operating reflexes and the effects of their lesions. (10) Describe the components of limbic system, understand their important connections and functions. (11) Understand the ventricular system of the brain. (12) Describe circulus arteriosus and the arteries taking part in its formation along with their branches and their functional importance. (13) Understand blood supply and venous drainage of the brain and spinal cord. (14) Describe major components of the autonomic nervous system, their distribution and understand their functions. Back to 2nd Yr Dentistry Course Portfolio Main Page III. HISTOLOGY OVERVIEW Course of histology begins with a general discussion on histological techniques, the cell structure as seen with the electron and light microscopes. Functions of different components of cell are correlated with their structure. The course is sequenced to coordinate with the courses of physiology. Course in histology expects the students to understand the normal histological structure of organs and tissues of the body, and be able to correlate it to their normal functions. This is essentially meant to lay down the foundation for understanding the morbid anatomy, which the students will study in their subsequent senior years. COURSE OBJECTIVES: On completion of the course of study, the students shall be able to: 1. Describe the methods of tissue fixation, their importance, commonly used procedures for tissue embedding, understand staining methods, their rationale, and usefulness of cytochemical and histochemical techniques. 2. Describe the principle concepts of more commonly used fields of microscopy. 3. Describe histological structure, identify and give functional significance of the nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasmic organelles, inclusions, plasmalemma and describe cell motility, secretodynamics, and process of secretion synthesis. 4. Understand and describe various types of epithelia, identify these under the microscope and relate the structure to their functions. 5. Classify and describe connective tissue proper, according to type, density and orientation of its fibrous components; identify the cellular and fibrous components and describe their functional significance. 6. Identify and describe histological structure of various types of cartilages and discuss these in relation to their function, and sources of nutrition. 7. Describe the histological structure of various types of bones as a tissue and an organ, understand the process of bone development, remodeling and healing. 8. Identify and describe the normal components of circulating peripheral blood and give the normal values of various formed elements, hemoglobin and hematocrit. 9. Describe the histological structure of various types of formed elements of the blood and relate their structure to the functions; define and describe the process of hematopoiesis. 10. Identify and describe the three general types of muscles in term of their structure as seen with the light and electron microscopes, and correlate their structure to the functions. 11. Comprehend structural differences between the three types of muscles and understand the mechanisms of their contraction. 12. Define, identify and describe histological structure of the neuron, its perikaryon and processes, their terminations and synapses as seen with both the light and electron microscopes. 13. Identify and describe relationship of supporting cells both in peripheral and central nervous system, and connective tissue investments of the peripheral nerves and describe differences between spinal and autonomic ganglia. 14. Identify and describe structural differences between myelinated and unmyelinated nerves. 15. Identify and describe histological structure of spleen, lymph node, tonsils, thymus and peyer's patches. 16. Give a general description of the functions of lymphocytes and differences in the nature and functions of B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, T-lymphocytes, relating these concepts to their role in immune responses. 17. Describe the histological structure of the heart, including its conducting system; relate the structure to the function, and identify the cardiac muscle in a section. 18. Classify arteries and veins, identify and describe their histological structure and changes which occur in their three tunics at different levels and relate these changes to the functions. Describe and identify different types of capillaries, sinusoids and relate their structure to the functions. 19. Describe and identify different types of capillaries, including sinusoids and relate their structure to the function. 20. Identify and describe the histological structure of teeth, lip, tongue, oral mucosa, salivary glands and pharynx. 21. Define, identify and describe the histological organization of esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines including vermiform appendix, and relate the histological changes in the digestive tube to their changing functions. 22. Identify and describe the structure and functions of associated glandular organs like liver and pancreas. 23. Identify and describe mucoperiosteum or mucoperichondrium of olfactory epithelium in nose and paranasal sinuses. 24. Identify and describe histological features of nasopharynx and larynx. 25. Identify and describe histological features of trachea, primary and secondary bronchi, bronchioles of different types, alveolar ducts and alveoli. 26. Identify and describe the structure of the kidney as seen in a longitudinal section on gross examination. 27. Identify components of the uriniferous tubules and describe their light microscopic and ultrastructure and correlate it to the functions of each component. 28. Comprehend the special features of the renal blood vessels and their relationship to different components of the nephron both in renal cortex and medulla. 29. Identify and describe the histological structure of ureter, urinary bladder and urethra. 30. Identify and describe histological structure and functional aspects of hypophysis cerebri, pineal gland, adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid glands. 31. Identify and describe essential histological and functional features of the ovary, Fallopian tube, uterus and vagina. 32. Identify and describe the histological structure of testis, epididymis, ductus deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle and penis and correlate it to their functions. 33. Identify and describe histological structure of thick and thin skin, epidermis, dermis and skin appendages. 34. Identify and describe the structure of organs of special senses. Back to 2nd Yr Dentistry Course Portfolio Main Page
IV. EMBRYOLOGY COURSE OBJECTIVES: On completion of the course of Embryology, the students shall be able to: 1. Explain gametogenesis, oogenesis and spermatogenesis. 2. Discuss ovarian cycle, ovulation, fertilization and implantation. 3. Describe and illustrate by drawings the early embryonic development, pilaminar embryonic disc, trilaminar embryonic disc, formation of notochord. 4. Explain the derivatives of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal germ layers. 5. Explain the folding of the embryo. 6. Identify the main external features of the embryo. 7. Describe the development of fetal membranes and placenta, correlate these to their function and understand malformations. 8. Describe the development of skull and its malformations. 9. Discuss the causes of congenital malformations. 10. Explain in detail the development of head and neck structures: pharyngeal arches, pharyngeal cleft, pharyngeal pouches, and their derivatives, understand and describe the congenital malformations in the region. 11. Describe the development of the thyroid and parathyroid glands and their congenital abnormalities. 12. Explain the development of tongue, salivary glands, teeth, and describe their congenital anomalies. 13. Describe and illustrate development of the face, nasal cavity and palate, explain various congenital malformations in the region. 14. Understand the development of the central nervous system, eye and ear, and their congenital malformations. 15. Understand the development of cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems and their congenital malformations.
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