Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Develop clear concept of the pectoral region including muscles, vessels, nerves and lymphatics.

2.  Know the location, description and blood supply of the breast.

3.  Know the lymph nodes which are involved in carcinoma of the breast.

4.  Explain on anatomical basis the clinical features of carcinoma of the breast and why radial incision is used to drain breast abscesses?

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the pectoral region, their attachments, nerve supply and actions.

v     Vessels, nerves and fasciae of the pectoral region.

v     Breast: location, description, blood supply and its lymphatic drainage.

v     Clinical features of carcinoma of the breast.

v     Drainage of breast abscess.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Develop clear concept of the axilla including boundaries and contents.

2.  Know the course, branches and main relations of the axillary artery and its surface anatomy and site of feeling its pulsation.

3.  know the course and tributaries of the axillary vein.

4.  know the clinical aspects of the region.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Shape and boundaries of the axilla: apex, base, walls, folds and muscles contribute to each wall and fold.

v     Description and attachment of serratus anterior, winging of the scapula.

v     An overview of the contents of the axilla.

v     Axillary artery: course, branches of each part, main relations, surface anatomy and site of its pulsations.

v     Axillary vein: course and tributaries.

v     Clinical aspect of the region.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Understand the formation of brachial plexus, its branches and normal variations.

2.  Understand the scheme of the regional lymph nodes and know the regions from which the nodes receive its lymphatic tributaries.

3.  Know the superficial and deep lymphatic drainage of the upper limb and its clinical importance.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Brachial plexus: formation, branches and its normal variations.

v     Axillary groups of lymph nodes: site, afferent and efferent lymphatics, clinical importance.

v     Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb and its clinical importance.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Understand the action of the muscles.

2.  Know the clinical importance of triangles of the back and the anatomical spaces of scapular region.

3.  Describe the components of shoulder joint, bursae, movements, dislocation and role of rotator cuff muscles.

4.  Know the arteries contribute to anastomosis around the shoulder joint and its clinical importance.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Nerves, vessels and lymphatic drainage of the back.

v     Muscles of the back and scapular region, their attachments, nerve supply, action and its clinical importance.

v     Boundaries and contents of the triangles of the back and the anatomical spaces of scapular region and their importance.

v     Shoulder joint: type, components, related bursae, movements, muscles contribute to the movement and dislocations.

v     Anastomosis around the shoulder joint and its clinical importance.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Develop clear concept of the arm including muscles, vessels and nerves of its two compartments.

2.  Develop clear concept of the cubital fossa.

3.  Explain on anatomical basis why certain superficial veins are used for venipuncture.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Intermuscular septa.

v     Muscles of the arm, their attachment, nerve supply and action.

v     Nerves of the arm, their course and branches.

v     Brachial artery: course, branches, main relations, surface anatomy and site of its pulsation and compression.

v     Superficial veins of the upper limb and its clinical importance.

v     Boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Develop clear concept of the forearm, muscles, vessels and nerves of its compartments.

2.  Understand the clinical importance of anastomosis around the elbow.

3.  Understand the formation of carpal tunnel.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the forearm, their attachment, nerve supply and action.

v     Nerves of the forearm, their course and branches.

v     Radial and ulnar arteries: their course, branches, main relations, surface anatomy and sites of feeling their pulsations.

v     Anastomosis around the elbow and its clinical importance.

v     Carpal tunnel: formation, contents and causes & clinical effects & treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.

v     Flexor and extensor retinacula of the wrist: attachment, function and structures related to them.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Develop clear concept on the topographic anatomy of the hand, muscles, nerves, vessels, fascial spaces, fibrous and synovial flexor sheaths.

2.  Understand the movements of thumb and fingers.

3.  Understand the spread of infection in tenosynovitis.

4.  Locate the anatomical snuff box.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Intrinsic muscles of the hand, main attachment, nerve supply and action.

v     Fibrous and synovial flexor sheaths, fascial spaces and pulp space and their clinical importance.

v     Palmar arterial arches: formation, branches and surface anatomy.

v     Median and ulnar nerves in the palm.

v     Cutaneous innervation of the hand.

v     Anatomical snuff box: location, boundaries, contents and its clinical importance.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Learn what is meant by dermatomes.

2.  Understand the different kinds of injuries of the brachial plexus, musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves, the ways these injuries are produced and their clinical effects.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Dermatomes and cutaneous innervation of the upper limb.

v     Upper and lower lesions of brachial plexus: causes and clinical effects.

v     Overview of the course and branches of musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.

v     Causes and clinical effects of different kinds of injuries of musculocutaneous and ulnar nerves.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Understand the different kinds of injuries of the median, radial and axillary nerves, whys these injuries are produced and their clinical effects.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Overview of the course and branches of the median, radial and axillary nerves.

v     Causes and clinical effects of different kinds of injuries of the median, radial and axillary nerves.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Identify:

1. General features of each bone.

2. Subcutaneous parts of each bone.

3. Sternal angle & its clinical importance.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Overview of skeleton of the upper limb.

v     General features, articulations, determination of the side & common sites of fracture of each bone.

v     Sternal angle & its clinical importance.

v     Subcutaneous parts of each bone.

 

Transferable skills:

The student should be able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to:

1.  Palpate the bony subcutaneous landmarks of the pectoral region.

2. Delineate the mid-sternal, mid-clavicular and axillary lines.

3. Identify the deltopectoral groove & expose the cephalic vein.

4. Identify clavipectoral fascia & structures piercing it.

5. Mark the location of the breast on the chest wall & demonstrate its arterial supply.

6.  Demonstrate the anatomical structures that make up the boundaries and folds of the axilla; which muscle contributes to each wall; their attachments and nerve supply.

7.  Identify the cords and braches of brachial plexus.

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Palpation of the suprasternal notch, sternal angle & 2^nd costal cartilage & the whole length of the clavicle.

v     Clavipectoral fascia & structures piercing it.

v     Breast: location & blood supply, lymphatic drainage & axillary tail.

v     Boundaries of the axilla; apex, base and walls

v     Brachial plexus: Formation and branches

Transferable Skills:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Axillary artery & its major branches.

2. Axillary vein.

3. The sites of axillary group of lymph nodes.

4. Components of sternoclavicular & acromioclavicular joints.

 

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Axillary artery: Course, branches of each part, main relations, site of feeling its pulsation & its surface anatomy.

v     Axillary vein: Course, main relations & tributaries.

v     Axillary group of lymph nodes, their relation to blood vessels & the regions from which the nodes receive its lymphatic tributaries.

v     Sternoclavicular & acromioclavicular joints: type & components

v     Movements of shoulder girdle.

 

Transferable Skills:

The student is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to:

1.  Palpate the subcutaneous bony landmarks of the back

2. Identify: muscles of the back & scapular muscles, their attachments, nerve supply & action.

3. Locate the auscultation & lumbar triangles.

4. Identify the long head of triceps & locate the anatomical spaces of the scapular region & identify their contents.

5. Identify the arteries that contribute to anastomosis around the shoulder joint.

Detailed Contents:

v     Bony landmarks of the back: Superior & inferior angles of the scapula, 8^th rib, spine of the scapula, tip of shoulder (accordion process), iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum, coccyx & spine of vertebrae.

v     Cutaneous nerves of the back.

v     Muscles of the back (Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae & rhomboids) & muscles of the shoulder (deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor & subscapularis), their attachments, nerve supply & action.

v     Triangles of the back & anatomical spaces of scapular region, boundaries, contents & clinical importance.

Transferable Skills:

The student is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to Identify:

1.  General features of the radius & ulna.

2. Subcutaneous bony parts at the elbow & wrist regions.

3. Identify the bones of the hand.

4. Main superficial veins of the upper limb; cephalic, basilica & median cubital vein.

5. Main cutaneous nerves of the arm, forearm & hand.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     General features, articulations, determination of the side, common sites of fracture & the subcutaneous bony parts of radius & ulna.

v     Skeleton of the hand, determination of its side & fracture scaphoid.

v     Superficial veins of the upper limb & its clinical importance.

v     Cutaneous nerves of the upper limb.

 

Transferable Skills:

The student is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to:

1.  Note that the glenoid cavity is deepened by the glenoid labrum.

2. Observe the attachment of the capsules & thickening in its front forming the glenohumeral ligaments. Observe the coracohumeral and transverse humeral ligaments.

3. Note how the rotator Cuff muscles surround the joint.

4. Note the long head of biceps (intracapsular & extrasynovial).

5. Identify muscles of the arm, their attachments, nerve supply & understand their actions.

6. Identify the brachial artery & its major branches.

7. Identify the spiral groove its contents.

8. Identify the boundaries & contents of cubital fossa.

9. Know the clinical importance of bicipital aponeurosis.

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Shoulder joint. Type, components, movements, the muscles that contribute to these movements & dislocations of the joint.

v     Arm:

* Intermuscular septa & structures that piercing them

* Muscles of the arm, their attachments, nerve supply & action

* Brachial artery, course, major branches, main relations & sites of feeling its pulsation & compression & surface anatomy.

* Musculocutaneous & radial nerves: course & branches in the arm.

Cubital fossa: boundaries & contents

 

Transferable Skills:

The students is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, their attachments, nerve supply & understand their actions.

2. The radial & ulnar arteries & their major branches.

3. Flexor retinaculum and the structures passing superficial & deep to it.

4. Main arteries contribute to the anastomosis around the elbow and understand its clinical importance.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm: their attachments, nerve supply & action.

v     Median & ulnar nerves: course & branches in the forearm.

v     Radial & ulnar arteries: course, branches, main relations, sites of feeling their pulsations & their surface anatomy.

v     Flexor retinaculum: attachments, function, structures passing superficial & deep to it & carpal tunnel formation.

v     Anastomosis around the elbow & its clinical importance.

 

Transferable Skills:

The student is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Muscles of the lateral & posterior compartments of the forearm, their attachments, nerve supply & understand their actions.

2. Posterior interosseous nerve & vessels.

3. Extensor retinaculum, structures related to it.

4. Extensor tendons & extensor expansion.

5. Location of anatomical snuff box & identify its contents.

6. Cutaneous nerves of the dorsum of the hand.

7. Dorsal venous arch & dorsal interossei.

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the lateral & posterior compartments of the forearm, their attachments, nerve supply & action.

v     Posterior interosseous nerve & vessels.

v     Extensor retinaculum & structures related to it.

v     Extensor tendons & extensor expansion.

v     Location of anatomical snuff box & identify its contents.

v     Cutaneous nerves of the dorsum of the hand.

v     Dorsal venous arch & dorsal interossei.

 

Transferable Skills:

The student is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Palmar aponeurosis.

2. Thenar, hypothenar & adductor pollicis muscles.

3. Superficial & deep palmar arterial arches.

4. Lumbrical & interossei muscles & their attachments.

5. Median & ulnar nerve.

6. Attachments of flexor digitorum superficial & profundus tendons.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Palmar aponeurosis, fibrous & flexor synovial sheaths & fascial spaces.

v     Intrinsic muscles of the hand.

v     Movements of thumb & fingers.

v     Palmar arterial arches, branches & surface anatomy.

v     Median & ulnar nerve branches in the palm.

 

Transferable Skills:

The student is able to:

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to:

1.  Identify the components of the elbow, superior & inferior radio ulnar, wrist joints of the hand.

2. Understand the movements of each joint & know the muscles that contribute to these movements and common sites of dislocation.

3.  Palpate the bony subcutaneous landmarks of the upper limb.

4. Mark the main arteries on the surface of the limb.

5. Identify the bony structures in a normal radiograph.

6. Be familiar with normal mammogram

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Palpation of the bony subcutaneous landmarks of the pectoral region, shoulder, back elbow & wrist regions.

v     Mark the axillary, brachial, radial & ulnar arteries and palmar arterial arches on the surface of the limb.

v     Examination of:

- Anteroposterior radiograph of shoulder & elbow regions in adult.