Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Describe the relationships of structures found in femoral triangle.

2.  Illustrate that there are two compartments formed by deep fascia.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle.

v     Femoral nerve.

v     Femoral artery.

v     Femoral vein.

v     Inguinal lymph nodes.

v     Femoral sheath.

v     Femoral hernia.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Illustrate the two components of the deep fascia.

2.  Know the muscles of the front and medial thigh compartment and summarize their functions.

3.  Understand the action of the individual muscle of the two compartments.

 

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the front of the thigh: quadriceps femoris, sartorius, iliopsoas.

v     Muscles of the medial side of the thigh: adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, obturator externus, gracilis.

v     Subsartorial canal.

v     Obturator nerve.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Understand important muscles, their origin, insertion, nerve supply, actions and important relations and effects of their nerve injuries.

2.  Know how to test the integrity of superior gluteal, inferior gluteal nerves.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles, vessels, nerves of the gluteal region.

v     Structures passing through the greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Describe the relationship of structures found in the popliteal fossa.

2.  Summarize the functions of the muscles of the back of the thigh by learning their attachments (origin and insertion).

3.  Define the terms for the hip joint (capsule, ligaments and bursae).

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the back of the thigh.

v     Sciatic, tibial and common peroneal nerves.

v     Popliteal fossa.

v     Hip joint.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Illustrate the compartments of the leg which are formed by the deep fascia.

2.  Summarize the functions of muscles in each of the compartments, knowing the functions helps to learn the attachments (origin and insertion) of individual muscles.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of the leg and the dorsum of the foot.

v     Nerves and vessels of these compartments: anterior tibial nerve and vessels, peroneal artery and posterior tibial nerve and vessels.

v     Retinacula: superior and inferior extensor and flexor.

v     Muscles of anterior compartment of the leg: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius.

v     Muscles of the lateral compartment: peroneus longus and brevis.

v     Muscles of posterior compartment: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Compare and contrast intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot.

2.  Illustrate the bones and ligaments participate in maintenance of the arches of the foot.

3.  Define the venous drainage (superficial and deep) of the lower limb.

4.  Understand the general plan of lymphatic drainage of the lower limb and regional lymph nodes where the common malignant growth can spread.

5.  Understand the mechanism by which the blood is pumped from the lower limb and anatomical factors which predispose to development of varicose veins.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Layers of the sole of the foot.

v     Muscles, vessels and nerves of the sole of the foot.

v     Arches of the foot.

v     Veins of the lower limb: superficial and deep.

v     Groups of lymph nodes.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Recall the cutaneous innervation of the thigh, leg and foot.

2.  Compare and contrast a dermatome and the cutaneous innervation of specific nerves.

3.  List all of the components of the lumbosacral plexus.

4.  Recall the root value of the each peripheral nerve supplying the lower limb.

5.  Describe the innervation of each compartment and the specific deficits that occur with lesions of individual nerves at different parts along the course of each nerve.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Nerves of the lower limb: femoral, obturator, superior and inferior gluteal, sciatic, medial and lateral popliteal, anterior and posterior tibial nerves.

v     Clinical effects of injury of the nerves of the lower limbs.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this lecture, student should be able to:

1.  Identify the components of knee, ankle and joints of eversion and inversion of foot.

2.  Name the movements that occur at each joint.

3.  Name the muscles contribute in that movements.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Knee joint: articular facets, capsule, synovial membrane, bursae, ligaments, muscle acting on the joint, nerve supply, blood supply and anastomosis around the joint, stability of the joint.

v     Ankle joint: articular facets, capsule, synovial membrane, bursae, ligaments, muscle acting on the joint, nerve supply, blood supply and anastomosis around the joint, stability of the joint.

v     Talocalcaneonavicular joint and subtalar joints.

 

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Use anatomical terminology for topographical region of lower limb.

2. Recognize anatomical structures correctly by actual dissection, prosection and museum study.

3. Identify anatomical structures make up boundaries of femoral triangle; which muscles contribute to each wall.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Hip bone, femur and patella.

v     Dissection of the femoral triangle regarding: its boundaries, roof, floor and contents.

v     Saphenous opening.

v     Deep fascia of the thigh

v     Contents of femoral triangle: femoral artery and its branches, femoral vein and its tributaries, femoral nerve and its branches.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Bony landmarks in the front and medial sides of the thigh.

2. Important single muscles, their origin, insertion, nerve supply, actions and important relations.

3. Muscle groups, their actions, nerve supply and effects of nerve injury.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Deep dissection of the front of the thigh.

v     Quadriceps femoris, sartorius and iliopsoas muscles.

v     Medial side of the thigh; adductor group of muscles and their nerve supply (obturator nerve).

v     Adductor canal.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Identify the bony landmarks in the gluteal region.

2. Single muscles, their origin, insertion, nerve supply, actions and important relations especially for gluteus maximus.

3. Nerves supplying these muscles.

4. The superior and inferior gluteal arteries and their anastomoses with other arteries.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Three gluteal muscles: gluteus maximus, medius and minimus.

v     Superior and inferior gluteal nerve and vessels.

v     Other small muscles (lateral rotators of the hip) in the gluteal region.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Bony landmarks of the back of the thigh.

2. Identify the muscles of the back of the thigh and their attachments and actions.

3. The nerves that supply these muscles.

4. Anatomical boundaries of popliteal fossa; which muscles contribute to each wall.

5. Major contents of this fossa.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the back of the thigh (Hamstring group of muscles): Biceps femoris and 2 semi muscles; semitendinosus and semimembranosus and ischial part of adductor magnus.

v     Popliteal fossa regarding its boundaries, roof, floor, contents (popliteal artery and its main branches, popliteal vein and its tributaries, tibial nerve and its branches, common peroneal nerve and its branches.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Osteological anatomy of leg and foot bones.

2. The components of the hip joint.

3. Movements that occur at the hip joint.

4. Muscles contribute in these movements.

5. Aches of the foot and factors maintaining these arches.

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Hip joint; its articular surfaces, capsule, ligaments, synovial membrane, bursae, muscles acting on this joint.

v     Tibia, fibula and skeleton of the foot and arches of the foot.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Bony landmarks in the leg.

2. Identify the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and their attachments and actions.

3. Muscles of lateral compartment of the leg and their attachments and action.

4. Muscles of the dorsum of the foot.

5. Dissect the nerves and vessels supplying these muscles.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius.

v     Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg: peroneus longus and brevis.

v     Nerves and vessels of these compartments: anterior tibial nerve and vessels, musculocutaneous nerve.

v     Muscles of the dorsum of the foot: extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, their attachments and actions.

2. Nerves and vessels supplying these muscles.

3.  Discriminate the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the foot.

4.  Plantar arches.

 

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg: Superficial layer; gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus, popliteus.

v     Deep layer; flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior.

v     Nerves and vessels supplying these muscles: posterior tibial nerve and vessels.

v     Four layers of the sole deep to plantar aponeurosis.

v     Arrangement of neurovascular bundle in relation to the four layers of the sole.

 

Learning Objectives:

After this practical, student should be able to Describe and Demonstrate:

1.  Identify the bony components of knee, ankle joints and joints of inversion and eversion..

2. The attachments of menisci and cruciate ligaments of the knee joint (demonstrated on the bone).

3. The ligaments of the ankle joint (Deltoid ligament) and illustrate the neighboring muscles for each joint.

4.  Radiological appearance of hip, knee, ankle regions and skeleton of the foot.

5.  Surface anatomy of gluteal region, adductor canal, knee and ankle regions.

 

 

Detailed Contents:

v     Knee joint: articular surface (demonstrated on the bones), capsule attachment on the bones and attachments of cruciate ligaments & menisci.

v     Ankle joint: articular surface (demonstrated on the bones), inferior surface of lower end of tibia, lateral surface of medial malleolus and medial surface of lateral malleolus with superior, lateral and medial surfaces of talus.

v     Talocalcaneo-navicular joint and subtalar joint: articular surfaces and ligaments attached.

v     Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the hip, knee, ankle regions and foot.

v     Surface anatomy of gluteal, inguinal, knee and ankle regions.